Introduction
There are various ways to connect to a network e.g. using GUI. A GUI lists all the available networks/ SSIDs and we just have to click, enter password(if the connection is secured) and done. The other ways to connect include NetworkManager
(a daemon), nmcli
(a cli to control NetworkManager), wpa_supplicant
(a relatively low level tool).
wpa_supplicant
is a cross platform free software implementation of an IEEE 802.11i supplicant. A supplicant is simply an entity at one end of a LAN. The other end of the LAN has an authenticator that authenticates a connection to it.
To use wpa_supplicant
, we need to install wpa_supplicant(e.g. for arch linux, pacman -S wpa_supplicant
) which installs two more utilities with it i.e. wpa_passphrase
and wpa_cli
. wpa_cli
is the frontend tool of wpa_supplicant
while as wpa_passphrase
is used to create a configuration file which contains the network details e.g. the password.
Connecting to a network
Before following the steps below, make sure your network interface is up
.sudo ip link
Search for UP
in the output corresponding to your network interface(e.g. wlan0
).
- Scan SSIDs/ Networks:
iw scan wlan0
Replacewlan0
with your network interface(useip link
to find yours). Note down the SSID name from the above command.
TIP:iw scan wlan0 | grep SSID
will return only SSIDs only which is what we require here. - Create passphrase configuration:
wpa_passphrase myssid | sudo tee /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf
, write the SSID password and press enter.
Replacemyssid
with theSSID
that you want to connect to.
This will create a file/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf
. We will use this file in ourwpa_supplicant
command to connect to our network.sudo
is required withtee
command because the file is being created in root owned directory. We can however create this file in any directory.tee
simply puts the output ofwpa_supplicant
in the given.conf
file. - Start wpa_supplicant daemon:
sudo wpa_supplicant -B -i wlan0 -c /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf
This says that startwpa_supplicant
in the background(B
flag) usingwlan0
network interface and/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf
as the configuration file. With an extraD
flag, we can set the driver to be used e.g.sudo wpa_supplicant -B -D nl80211 -i wlan0 -c /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf
. This will usenl80211
driver rather than the default being picked.
At this point, you are connected but no ip address has been assigned. Useiw wlan0 link
to confirm - Obtain an ip address:
sudo dhclient wlan0
.
You are now connected to the network. Useping
command to confirm.
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